Showing posts with label Miracle. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Miracle. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 9, 2018

Tired of the Pinocchio Version of Jonah?


Tired of the Pinocchio Version
of
Jonah?

Please read these.



Or else, go here:


Then read Chapters 5 and 6 first.




[1] If you have been blessed or helped by any of these meditations, please repost, share, or use any of them as you wish.  No rights are reserved.  They are designed and intended for your free participation.  They were freely received, and are freely given.  No other permission is required for their use.

Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture 14, Part B


Cyril of Jerusalem

Lecture 14, Part B


Now I make known unto you, brethren, the gospel which I preached unto you.... that He has been raised on the third day according to the Scriptures….” — 1 Corinthians 15:1-4


Summary: This is a difficult section for us to summarize; St. Cyril relies so heavily on the Song of Solomon that we do not readily comprehend his meaning: for the modern lascivious age, has changed even the meanings of words for us.  As St. Cyril, himself might put it, I do not yet have the vision to accept such brilliant light.  We must not lose sight of the fact that the risen Christ revealed Himself in the Old Testament[i]; very likely, St. Cyril is closer to that revelation than we are.  Even without Song of Solomon, there are many Old Testament evidences for the Resurrection.


Preview:  11.  He was buried in a garden.  Truth sprang up out of the earth, and righteousness looked down from heaven.”[ii]  12.  They have taken away my Lord, and I know not where they have laid Him.”[iii]  Why do you seek the living among the dead?”[iv]  13.  And behold Jesus met them, saying, All hail!  And they came and took hold of His feet.”[v]  Go, tell His disciples that He is risen.”[vi]  14.  The Jews paid the soldiers to lie; but kings have come to believe; few Jews were persuaded, yet the world became obedient; “After two days will He revive us, and in the third day we shall rise again, and shall live in His sight.”[vii]  15.  “On what ground, while you say that Eliseus and Elias raised the dead, do you gainsay the Resurrection of our Savior?”  Because there are no living witnesses; where are your living witnesses: for the records of all were kept by the Jews.  16.  “But it is impossible, some one will say, that the dead should rise; and yet Eliseus twice raised the dead — when he was alive, and also when dead.”[viii]  Yet, “[He] Himself arose, and many dead were raised without having even touched Him.  For many bodies of the Saints which slept arose, and they came out of the graves after His Resurrection, and went into the Holy City.”[ix]  17.  For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.”[x]  18.  Which is more difficult: for Jonah to survive three days tossed about by sea; or for Christ, Who was known to be dead, to arise after three days burial in the tomb?[xi]  for He went down to death, and many bodies of the saints which slept arose through Him.[xii]  19.  O death, where is your victory? O grave, where is your sting?”[xiii]  20.  He who brought up from the earth the great Shepherd of the sheepleddest Thy people like sheep by the hand of Moses and Aaron.”[xiv]  Now the God of peace, that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep….”[xv]


[i] Luke 24:27; 44-45

[ii] Psalms 84:11 Septuagint; Psalms 85:11

[iii] John 20:13

[iv] Luke 24:5

[v] Matthew 28:9

[vi] Matthew 28:7

[vii] Hosea 6:2

[viii] 1 Kings 17:17-24; 2 Kings 4:18-37; 13:21

[ix] Matthew 27:52-53

[x] Although we have trouble accepting the Pinocchio version, especially since we do not yet have access to St. Cyril’s Greek original; the main point is well taken: whatever happened in Jonah was clearly a miracle: this is only a problem for those who don’t believe in miracles.  Therefore, monster, shark, whale, or the surging sea itself, whatever; it was a miracle that God preserved Jonah’s life, when Jonah so clearly wanted to die.  Jonah 2; Matthew 12:40

[xi] For Jonah went into Hell alive: but, Christ was already dead… they even started the first day’s embalming process, which was delayed over Pesach.  By the time Pesach had ended, He was gone, raised in triumph.

[xiii] St. Cyril reverses the objects.  1 Corinthians 15:55-57

[xiv] It is possible that St. Cyril also has Isaiah 43:6 in mind here.  Psalms 77:20; 80:1; Hebrews 13:20

[xv] Hebrews 13:20

Wednesday, May 2, 2018

Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture 12, Part C


Cyril of Jerusalem

Lecture 12, Part C


And the Lord spoke again unto Ahaz, saying, ‘Ask you a sign....’ ”  and “Behold!  A virgin[i] shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call His name Emmanuel….” — Isaiah 7:10-14


Summary: Jesus is infinitely pure; a fact which St. Cyril defends against his principal adversaries[ii] from Scripture, from Greek fables, and from many well-known miracles among the Jews.  This purity, is in no small part the work of the Holy Spirit in purifying Mary.  It is also truly and reasonably miraculous, considering that Adam was made from clay, and Eve from Adam’s side.  So, we must reject as heretics all those who deprecate this purity in any way; especially, any form of denial of the Virgin birth.  This purity is not only the vestiture of Virgins; but Solitary [men] have a share in it as well.


Preview:  25.  [Jesus] is infinitely pure….  “For if he who well fulfills the office of a priest of Jesus abstains from a wife[iii], how should Jesus Himself be born of man and woman?”  But, one Psalm says, “He that took Me out of the womb….”  “For the manner is different with those who are begotten according to the course of marriage.”  26.  “He is not ashamed to assume flesh … the veil of His Godhead.”  “There is nothing polluted in the human frame except a man defile this with fornication and adultery.”[iv]  Your bodies are the temples of the Holy Ghost which is in you.”  27.  But both Greeks and Jews harass us and say that it was impossible for the Christ to be born of a virgin.”  We stop the Greeks with their own fables: telling of birth from a brain, or a thigh.  28.  To the circumcision say, “Whether is harder, for an aged woman, barren and past age[v], to bear, or for a virgin in the prime of youth to conceive?”  “How then was the hand of Moses made white as snow, and at once restored again?”  Or how was Moses’s rod made into a frightening serpent?  Or how did Aaron’s rod bud?[vi]  29.  When the Jews still contradict, question them about Eve’s mother.  “Mary, therefore, paid the debt, of gratitude, when not by man but of herself alone in an immaculate way she conceived of the Holy Ghost by the power of God.”  30.  “But … a greater wonder than this … that the dust of the earth should become a man….”  Clay molded into eyes; dust into bones and lungs; animated, traveling, self-moving, building houses; teaching, talking; carpenter, and king.  “Whence, then, O you most ignorant Jews, was Adam made?  Did not God take dust from the earth, and fashion this wonderful frame?  Is then clay changed into an eye, and cannot a virgin bear a son.  Does that which for men is more impossible take place, and is that which is possible never to occur?”  31.  “Let us remember these things, brethren: let us use these weapons in our defense.  Let us not endure those heretics who teach Christ's coming as a phantom.  Let us abhor those also who say that the Savior’s birth was of husband and wife; who have dared to say that He was the child of Joseph and Mary, because it is written, And he took unto him his wife.[vii]  For Jacob called Rachel, wife, based on promise, long before they entered into conjugal relations[viii]: so Mary was Virgin, even though promised in marriage: so say both Luke[ix] and Paul[x].  32.  Even the manner of the event is attested[xi].  “Immaculate and undefiled was His generation[xii]: for where the Holy Spirit breathes, there all pollution is taken away: undefiled from the Virgin was the incarnate generation of the Only-begotten.  And if the heretics gainsay the truth, the Holy Ghost shall convict them: that overshadowing power of the Highest shall wax angry: Gabriel shall stand face to face against them in the day of judgment: the place of the manger, which received the Lord, shall put them to shame.”  For shepherds, Angels, offerings of purification, Symeon, and Anna all bear witness.  33.  Since [the Father], Spirit, and Son also witness, Christ says, “Why do you seek to kill me….?” And again, “Handle me, and see; for a spirit has not flesh and bones….”  “Adored be the Lord the Virgin-born, and let Virgins acknowledge the crown of their own state: let the order also of Solitaries acknowledge the glory of chastity for we men are not deprived of the dignity of chastity.”  For Christ was nine months in the womb; but, thirty-three years a man.”  34.  “But let us all by God’s grace run the race of chastity, young men and maidens, old men and children; not going after wantonness, but praising the name of Christ.  Let us not be ignorant of the glory of chastity: for its crown is angelic, and its excellence above man.”[xiii]



[i] St. Cyril is clearly teaching from the Septuagint: for the Greek has παρθένος, virgin; whereas, the Hebrew has הָעַלְמָ֗ה, young woman.  Obviously, the Rabbis who translated the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek (circa 200 BC), understood that young woman was not a suitable translation in this context: for young woman is not a sign at all, let alone the miracle anticipated by the context.  We should logically conclude that virgin is the only reasonable translation: but, the Rabbis came to this conclusion two hundred years before Christ was born.  Who knows who else holds this certainty from the time of Isaiah (eighth century BC), six hundred years earlier than the Septuagint; surely Isaiah did: but, we have no surviving written record, older than Septuagint.

[ii] St. Cyril calls out his principal adversaries by name: Greeks and Jews; both of whom harass Christians.  So, St. Cyril mounts his defense, not offense, as a rebuttal of Greek superstition and Jewish ignorance.

[iii] Already, it appears, the voluntary practice of celibacy was common, if not universal, among the priesthood.  St. John Chrysostom defends the same view at length.  Note also, that the office is here titled priest: we are not sure what else this might affirm or deny.  We have previously identified the risks of putting words into the mouths of ancient witnesses: correct excision is risky at best.

[iv] We recall St. Cyril’s belief that the flesh is not the source of sin; rather, the soul in general, and the will in particular....  This has nothing immediately to do with original sin.

[v] Sarah

[vi] St. Cyril defends from the necessity of miracles.

[vii] Matthew 1:24

[viii] Genesis 29:21

[ix] Luke 1:26-27

[x] Galatians 4:4

[xi] Luke 1:34-35

[xii] St. Cyril is not speaking of Mary’s conception; he clearly attributes Mary’s purification to the Holy Spirit.  These two ideas are mutually contradictory and exclusive: for if Mary is already pure, there is no need of the Spirit’s breath; and if the Spirit’s breath is necessary, then Mary must not be personally pure.

[xiii] While St. Cyril holds a very high view of celibate life; he will later explain that this in no way denigrates lawful marriage.