Showing posts with label Catholicity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Catholicity. Show all posts

Tuesday, August 14, 2018

The Church, Introduction


Introduction

This introduction has already begun with the previous article, “Forgiveness”.  Our goal is to seek forgiveness, not further condemnation.  We must be extremely careful here, not to multiply the damage that has already been done in previous millennia.

Well over a decade ago, I was reciting in unison with the rest of the congregation these well-known words:

“Πιστεύομεν καὶ εἰς μίαν, ἁγίαν, καθολικὴν καὶ ἀποστολικὴν ἐκκλησίαν.”
“We also believe in One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.”[1]

The words stuck in my craw; I had to take action: the obvious obfuscation of the heavenly reality would not let go of me.  I could never look back again.

In time, I had discovered the biblical definition of the Church:

“You have come to mount Sion, to the city of the living God, to the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels; to the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven; and to God the Judge of all; and to the spirits of just men made perfect; and to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaks better things than that of Abel.
“See that you do not refuse Him who speaks: for if they did not escape who refused Him who spoke on earth, much more we shall not escape, if we turn away from Him who speaks from heaven: Whose voice then shook the earth: but now He has promised, saying, ‘Yet, once more, I shake not only the earth, but also heaven’.
“This word, ‘Yet, once more’, signifies the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that are made, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.  Wherefore, [since] we [are] receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God well-pleasingly, with reverence and respect: for, our God is a consuming fire.”[2]

Hebrews 12 has much more to say about the Church.  Verses 1-11, discuss how Christ is head of the Church and what it means to be Son and sons or daughters.[3]  Verses 12-17, deal with the Christian obedience of the Church: especially, concerning bitterness.  Verses 18-21, draw a striking contrast to one of the major failures of the Old Testament Church, and the serious consequences of taking Pentecost, and the gift of the Spirit, lightly.  So, our idea of Church is informed by the obedience of Christ and the disobedience of man.  The danger for us is that we might allow the perverted thinking, that the Via Dolorosa is too difficult for us to walk; we might, perchance, let down our guard; we might cease to “look diligently”.

In any case, we see in verses 18-29 that the Church is one indivisible unity in heaven and earth; it cannot be divided: division of the Church is an absolute impossibility.  This is not some mere abstract, hypothetical possibility or potential.  This is the indicative statement of fact.  The Holy Spirit is the final arbiter of all such matters.  Yet, what God has joined together; it would seem that men have made every attempt to put asunder.

The Church throughout the ages is characterized by discord, disruption, and division.  We will adduce the evidence as we follow the rough outline of historical progression.

From its outset, the Church was persecuted by Judaism, Romanism, Greek philosophies, and others.  It was soon made an illegal religion; then, it was made legal; finally, it became the official religion of the Empire.  In becoming legal, the Church learned how to persecute: soon, there were retaliations against Jews, pagans, and other Christians… then persecution by and of new religions developed: retaliation became popular.  Just war was defined.  Persecution and retaliation escalated into international war.

If the first millennium, which we once dreamed and hoped would be idyllic, turns into massive bloodshed; while, the second millennium proves to be even worse….  How is it that the instrument of humility and peace, happened to be made into an instrument of murder and pride.  Subduing error, came to mean by any means of violence available.  Perhaps this is what John is warning us about with his seven seals, trumpets, and bowls.

The father rushes to intercept his returning prodigal son.  Job received his children alive from the dead, in a type.  Is Adam hoping to receive Able from the dead?  Can Ishmael, Esau, and the children of Keturah ever be gathered again?  Novatianism seems to have originated the idea of creating the perfect Church: have we, as neo-Novatianists driven away our prodigal brothers and sisters from Christ?

How?  Why?  Will we be able to expose the lies, so easily glossed over by the standard milquetoast secular histories?  Or will we just be poking a hornet’s nest, causing even more sorrow and trouble for the wounded body of Christ?  We hope to do no harm.  We sincerely hope that this is a healing process.  That is what these studies are about.

We must approach this subject as chiefs of sinners (1 Timothy 1:15).  Then we will be better enabled to see others as being better than ourselves (Philippians 2:3).  From this perspective, we will be able to look up to Novatian, as well as the neo-Novatianists, seeing them all as saints, worthy of Beatification & Canonization.  Then we can see their side-falls as worthy of our forgiveness: since we are so lowly ourselves.  Finally, in the process of forgiving the side-falls of great saints, not expecting them to be perfect, we hope that their being forgiven will help them to see the principle of forgiveness more clearly, and live it.  Thus, the whole Church on earth will become more forgiving as we forgive and love sacrificially.  We must hate the sin, while loving and uplifting the sinner.  We cannot be forgiving and loving, while condemning Novatian, and neo-Novatianists at the same time.

If this involves soldiering, as the following hymn suggests; then it is a battlefield hospital in full operation, serving patients whose aim in life is to destroy us: this, if necessary, we must permit them to do: we must not hold life so dear, we must not resist death, so that we can preach forgiveness for all people (Luke 23:34; Acts 7:60).
https://www.hymnal.net/en/hymn/h/468



[1] Of course, that denomination had altered the word catholic or universal; but, I knew it was there, and I knew very well what Hebrews 12 had to say about the subject: I could not escape.

[2] Hebrews 12:22-29

[3] Whether you believe that this indicates punishment or result makes little difference to me: it says what it says.  No one becomes either son or daughter without chastening.  If walking with Christ has any physical truth to it whatsoever; it means walking in the shadow of His Crucifixion.

[4] If you have been blessed or helped by any of these meditations, please repost, share, or use any of them as you wish.  No rights are reserved.  They are designed and intended for your free participation.  They were freely received, and are freely given.  No other permission is required for their use.

Friday, May 25, 2018

Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture 18, Part C


Cyril of Jerusalem

Lecture 18, Part C


“The hand of the Lord was upon me, and carried me out in the Spirit of the Lord, and set me down in the midst of the valley which was full of bones.” — Ezekiel 37:1


Summary: St. Cyril, after firmly and decisively showing that Judaism is cut off, sings the praises of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church[i] in a beautiful chorus and litany of Scripture quotations.  He warns of the dangers of false churches, and the wolves that would come, spoiling the flock; he especially reminds us of the fact of the resurrection and eternal life.  He emphasizes that salvation requires of us both faith and works.  He concludes his catechetical lectures, prior to Baptism, with the assurance that our Baptism should fill us with exceeding joy, as the wealth of the Spirit begins to grow within us.


Preview:  25.  “The Psalmist sang, Bless ye God in the congregations, even the Lordfrom the fountains of Israel.[ii]  After which there can be no doubt about the cutting off of the Jews as a chosen nation from the kingdom of God, because of their evil deeds; not as repentant individuals.[iii]  “But after the Jews … were cast away from His grace, the Savior built … a second Holy Church … of us Christians, concerning which he said to Peter, And upon this rock I will build My Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.[iv]  And David … said plainly of the first … I have hated the Congregation of evil doers;[v] but of the second … Lord, I have loved the beauty of Your house;[vi] and … In the Congregations will I bless you, O Lord.[vii]  For now that … Judea is cast off, the Churches of Christ are increased over all the world … Sing unto the Lord a new song, His praise in the Congregation of Saints.[viii]  … the prophet also said to the Jews, I have no pleasure in you, says the Lord Almighty;[ix]For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same, My name is glorified among the Gentiles.[x]  Concerning this Holy Catholic Church Paul writes to Timothy, That you may know how you ought to behave yourself in the House of God, which is the Church of the Living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.[xi]  26.  But since the word Ecclesia is applied to different things … And when he had thus spoken, he dismissed the Assembly,[xii] … [or] that there is a Church of evil doers … for this cause the Faith has securely delivered to you now the Article, And in one Holy Catholic Church; that you may avoid their wretched meetings [of false churches], and ever abide with the Holy Church Catholic in which you were regenerated.”  “for it is written, As Christ also loved the Church and gave Himself for it….[xiii]  and is a figure and copy of Jerusalem which is above, which is free, and the mother of us all[xiv]….”  27.  In this Church, “God has set, as Paul says, first Apostles, secondly Prophets, thirdly teachers, then miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, various kinds of tongues,[xv] and every sort of virtue … wisdom and understanding, temperance and justice, mercy and loving-kindness, and patience unconquerable in persecutions.  She, by the armor of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, by honor and dishonor,[xvi] in former days [of] persecutions and tribulations … and now in times of peace by God’s grace receives her due honors from kings and those who are in high place[xvii]….  And while the kings of particular nations have bounds set to their authority, the Holy Church Catholic alone extends her power without limit over the whole world; for God, as it is written, has made her border peace.[xviii]  28.  “In this Holy Catholic Church … we shall attain the kingdom of heaven, and inherit eternal life; for which also we endure all toils, that we may be made partakers thereof from the Lord.”  “Wherefore … after the words, And in the resurrection of the flesh … we are taught to believe also in the life eternal, for which as Christians we are striving.”  29.  “The real and true life … is the Father, … through the Son in the Holy Spirit pours forth as from a fountain His heavenly gifts to all; and through His love to man, the blessings of the life eternal are promised without fail to us men also.  for with God all things are possible.[xix]  … and that we may look for eternal life, Daniel declares, And of the many righteous shall they shine as the stars for ever and ever.[xx]  And Paul says, And so shall we be ever with the Lord[xxi].  And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into life eternal.[xxii]  30.  “And many are the proofs concerning the life eternal [and ways of gaining it].”  “… it is by faith; for it is written, He that believes in the Son has eternal life….[xxiii]  … and again … Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that hears My word, and believes Him that sent Me, has eternal life….[xxiv]  … it is by the preaching of the Gospel; for He says, that He that reaps receives wages, and gathers fruit unto life eternal.[xxv]  … [it is] by martyrdom and confession in Christ’s name; for He says, And he that hates his life in this world, shall keep it unto life eternal.[xxvi]  … [it is] by preferring Christ to riches or kindred; And every one that has forsaken brethren, or sisters[xxvii]shall inherit eternal life. … it is by keeping the commandments, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not kill…. as He answered to him that came to Him, and said, Good Master, what shall I do that I may have eternal life?[xxviii]  … it is by departing from evil works, and henceforth serving God; for Paul says, But now being made free from sin, and become servants to God, you have your fruit unto sanctification, and the end eternal life.[xxix]  31.  “The ways of finding eternal life are many, though I have passed over them by reason of their number.    that … all might enjoy it without hindrance.  Thus much have we … spoken … concerning the life eternal … the last doctrine of those professed in the Faith, and its termination; which life may we all, both teachers and hearers, by God’s grace enjoy!”[xxx]  32.  “And now, brethren beloved … prepare your souls for the reception of the heavenly gifts.  As regards the Holy and Apostolic Faith … we have spoken through the grace of the Lord as many Lectures, as was possible … not that this is all we ought to have said, for many are the points omitted….  But now the holy day of the Passover is at hand, and you, beloved in Christ, are to be enlightened by the Laver of regeneration.  You shall therefore again be taught what is requisite, if God so will; with how great devotion and order you must enter in when summoned, for what purpose each of the holy mysteries of Baptism is performed, and with what reverence and order you must go from Baptism to the Holy Altar of God, and enjoy its spiritual and heavenly mysteries; that your souls being previously enlightened by the word of doctrine, you may discover in each particular the greatness of the gifts bestowed on you by God.”  33.  And after Easter’s Holy Day of salvation, you shall come on each successive day, beginning from the second day of the week, after the assembly into the Holy Place of the Resurrection , and there, if God permit, you shall hear other Lectures; in which you shall again be taught the reasons of everything which has been done, and shall receive the proofs thereof from the Old and New Testaments — first, of the things done just before Baptism, — next, how you were cleansed from your sins by the Lord, by the washing of water with the word[xxxi] …[how] you have become partakers of the Name of Christ … how the Seal of the fellowship of the Holy Ghost was given to you … the mysteries at the Altar of the New Testament … how ye must approach them, and when and how receive them … how for the time to come ye must behave yourselves worthily of this grace both in words and deeds, that you may all be enabled to enjoy the life everlasting.”  34.  Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice: for your redemption has drawn near,[xxxii] and the heavenly host of the Angels is waiting for your salvation.[xxxiii]  the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord;[xxxiv]Ho, you that thirst, come ye to the water;[xxxv]Hearken unto me, and you shall eat that which is good, and your soul shall delight itself in good things.[xxxvi]  Shine, shine, O thou new Jerusalem; for your light has come.[xxxvii]  And afterwards you shall be called the city of righteousness, Zion, the faithful mother of cities; because of the law[xxxviii] which went forth out of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem,[xxxix] which word has from hence been showered forth on the whole world.  Lift up your eyes round about, and behold your children gathered together;[xl]Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as doves with their young ones to me?[xli]  “… Who knows such things? Or who has seen it thus? Did ever a land bring forth in one day? Or was ever a nation born all at once? For as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children.[xlii]  Behold, I create Jerusalem a rejoicing, and her people a joy.[xliii]  35.  “… Sing, O heavens, and be joyful, O earth; … for the Lord has had mercy on His people, and comforted the lowly of His people.[xliv]  Behold, I will blot out as a cloud your transgressions, and as a thick cloud your sins.[xlv]  Upon My servants shall be called a new name which shall be blessed on the earth,[xlvi]Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ[xlvii]in whom we have our redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of our sins, according to the riches of His grace, wherein He abounded towards us….[xlviii]  But God being rich in mercy, for His great love wherewith He loved us, when we were dead through our trespasses, quickened us together with Christ….[xlix]  But when the kindness of God our Savior, and His love towards man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we had done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration, and the renewing of the Holy Ghost, which He shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior, that being justified by His grace, we might be made heirs, according to hope, of eternal life.[l]  And may God Himself the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, give unto you a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Himself, the eyes of your understanding being enlightened,[li] and may He ever keep you in good works, and words, and thoughts; to Whom be glory, honor, and power, through our Lord Jesus Christ, with the Holy Ghost, now and ever, and unto all the endless ages of eternity.  Amen.


[i] He refers to neither the Orthodox Catholic nor the Roman Catholic churches: for, in the fourth century there was only one true Church, in spite of the claims of Donatists, Nestorians, Nicolaitans, Novationists, Rogatists, and many others… too numerous and tedious to list.

[ii] Psalms 68:26

[iii] We ought not suppose that the events around 1666 reversed this situation in any way.  There is no Judeo-Christian ethic or union.  There may be an Abrahamic-Israelite-Mosaic-Christian theology.  Make no mistake, the continuing Old Testament Church is Christianity, not Judaism: for Judaism continues to resist the Word of God in countless ways.  Repentance and faith are the only cures: Jews need to be baptized and become Christians.

[iv] Matthew 16:18

[v] Psalms 26:5

[vi] Psalms 26:8

[vii] Psalms 26:12

[viii] Psalms 149:1

[ix] Malachi 1:10

[x] Malachi 1:11

[xi] 1 Timothy 3:15

[xii] Acts 19:41

[xiii] Ephesians 5:25

[xiv] Galatians 4:26

[xv] 1 Corinthians 12:28

[xvi] 2 Corinthians 6:7-8

[xvii] 1 Timothy 2:2

[xviii] Psalms 147:14

[xix] Matthew 19:23-30

[xx] Daniel 12:3

[xxi] 1 Thessalonians 4:17

[xxii] Matthew 25:46

[xxiii] John 3:36

[xxiv] John 5:24

[xxv] John 4:36

[xxvi] John 12:25

[xxvii] Matthew 19:29

[xxviii] Mark 10:17-23

[xxix] Romans 6:22

[xxx] This seems to us to be a somewhat circuitous, complex and contrived way of saying the same thing that James 2:14-26 so clearly explains.  It is impossible that true biblical faith and true biblical works every be separated one from the other: for the Law, working alive within us due to the perfect work of Christ, urges us onward to do what is right in every situation.  There just ain’t no such thing as easy believism….

[xxxi] Ephesians 5:26

[xxxii] Philippians 4:4; also, Philippians 4:1-7

[xxxiii] Note that St. Cyril understands joining the Church through Baptism to be a specific act of the Spirit; not of the application of water, which is an act of man; yet, St. Cyril expects this spiritual act to take place along with the application of water, and he will be surprised if this spiritual act does not take place; nevertheless, the Spirit will not come wherever He perceives an evil heart of unbelief: this is not magic.  So, the Spirit Himself acts ex opere operato, wherever He wishes; but, humanity has no power to confect such an act, with or without water.  Therefore, we should be awestruck by the power of God in this matter: for He can neither be deceived nor denied.  Thus, the person being touched by the Spirit may experience considerable spontaneous emotional response and excitement.  Indeed, it is exciting every time the Spirit speaks to us; yet, He comes mostly in a still small voice, teaching the Bible, so our excitement quiets down into a more peaceful love.

[xxxiv] Isaiah 40:3

[xxxv] Isaiah 55:1

[xxxvi] Isaiah 55:2-7

[xxxvii] Isaiah 60:1

[xxxviii] Note the necessity of the Law here, and its equation with the Word of the Lord, Who is Christ Himself.

[xxxix] The Church is the New Jerusalem, the City of Righteousness.  Isaiah 1:21, 26-31; 45:13; Daniel 9:16, 18, 24 Septuagint

[xl] Isaiah 40:9, 26; 49:18; 60:4

[xli] Isaiah 60:8

[xlii] Isaiah 66:8 Septuagint

[xliii] Isaiah 65:18

[xliv] Isaiah 49:13

[xlvi] Isaiah 62:2; 65:15-16; 66:22

[xlvii] Ephesians 1:3

[xlviii] Ephesians 1:7-9

[xlix] Ephesians 2:4-7