Showing posts with label Lecture 6. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lecture 6. Show all posts

Saturday, April 21, 2018

Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture 6, Part B


Cyril of Jerusalem

Lecture 6, Part B


“Sanctify yourselves unto Me, O islands.  Israel is saved by the Lord with an everlasting salvation; they shall not be ashamed, neither shall they be confounded for ever….” — Isaiah 45:16-17


Summary: Sanctify yourselves unto God, by being wise concerning the delusions of heresies and heretics; so, you are not taken in by their devious lies; avoiding every perversion and unholy thing; living in the fear and love of God; worshiping Him within the faith and fellowship of the Church.[i]


Preview: 12.  The devil, false-Christians, heretics “dared to banish God from His own creation”; frenemies of Christ, hating Him: :for he who blasphemes the Father of the Christ is an enemy of the Son”; speaking “of two Godheads”.  13.  Heretics speak of two Gods: one good, one evil.  “We bemire ourselves in speaking of these things, but we do it lest any of those present should from ignorance fall into the mire of the heretics … For it is much better to hear absurdities charged against others, than to fall into them from ignorance: far better that thou know the mire and hate it, than unawares fall into it.  For the godless system of the heresies is a road with many branches, and whenever a man has strayed from the one straight way, then he falls down precipices again and again.”  14.  Simon Magnus was an inventor of heresy, deceiving people in Rome, claiming himself to have appeared as the Father, Son, and Spirit.  15.  “Peter and Paul … set the error right.”  16.  “Cerinthus made havoc of the Church … Menander, Carpocrates, Ebionites, Marcion, who effaced the New Testament.  17.  Basilides, Valentinus, who taught that Abyss begot Silence, and Silence the Word; Abyss also fathered eight Aeons, grandfathered ten, great-grandfathered twelve; thirty Aeons in all, because Jesus was thirty years old when baptized.  18.  Valentinus degrades Christ, Who is Wisdom, she falling from heaven groans: begets from her groans the Devil, from her tears the sea; the Devil begot others who “created the world: and that the Christ came down in order to make mankind revolt from the Maker of the world.”  19.  The twenty-nine other Aeons formed Christ, both male and female; such is their delusion and impiety; do not “enter into conversation with them.”  20.  Hate heretics and workers of wickedness.  “Heed not their kisses, but beware of their venom.”  22.  Scythianus composed four books: a “Gospel” devoid of the acts of Christ, Chapters, Mysteries, and Treasures.  23.  Scythianus’ disciple, Terebinthus, brought this heresy into Palestine; then into Persia, where he called himself Buddas, taking refuge with a widow.  24.  The books survived in the hands of the widow, who adopted a son Cubricus.  Cubricus called himself Manes and further preserved the books of Scythianus.  25.  Manes claimed to be the Paraclete, presented himself as a miracle worker: but, killed a Persian prince, by interfering with medical treatment, when physicians might have saved the child.  26.  A litany of Manes sins follows: blasphemy against the Spirit, fraudulently presenting himself as other than a slave, falsely promising things beyond human power, disgrace of imprisonment, escape from prison, cause of his jailer’s death… the opposite of Christ’s behavior.  27.  Manes fled to Mesopotamia, where he was confronted by Bishop Archelaus, who exposed several of Manes self-contradictions.  28.  Manes was also overthrown in his defense, when Archelaus showed that God causes the [spiritual] blindness of men because of their unbelief.  29.  Such blindness has its advantages if it helps a person turn focus away from wickedness toward goodness and be saved.  The mysteries are hidden from heathen, Catechumens; yet, are now reveled to the candidates for Baptism, who are becoming believers: for others may be hurt by these mysteries.  30.  Manes, defeated by Archelaus, fled again; yet, was caught by the Persians, flayed, impaled, and thus perished.  31.  A disciple of Manes – Thomas, Buddas, or Hermas – wrote the, Gospel According to Thomas.  The Manicheans teach that the harvester of vegetables is changed into them, but which; shepherds who kill sheep or wolves, become which; fishers… what; birds….  32.  The Manicheans curse the Maker of bread they eat; such is their unreasoned ingratitude.  33.  The Manicheans are worse than any heathen, Samaritan, or Jew; “do you … receive instruction from such a mouth?”[ii]  34.  The Church reports these foul blasphemies to protect her children from harm.  35.  “… may the Lord deliver us from such delusion”: for, “What communion has light with darkness?”[iii]  In the Church is taught: order, discipline, majesty, purity, condemnation, sanctity, continence, virginity, thanksgiving, gratitude, worship, fear, trembling, and glory.  36.  “Fold with the sheep: flee from the wolves: depart not from the Church.”  Don’t trust the devious; cling to good; abstain from evil; hate delusion.  Worship God… “may He preserve you all.”




[i] We would be faced with considerable updating to apply these principles of warning those about to be baptized about delusions, heresies, and perversions.

[ii] I can only recall with shame my own failure to warn a young disciple of the evils of Mormonism.

[iii] 2 Corinthians 6:14

Friday, April 20, 2018

Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture 6, Part A


Cyril of Jerusalem

Lecture 6, Part A



“Sanctify yourselves unto Me, O islands.  Israel is saved by the Lord with an everlasting salvation; they shall not be ashamed, neither shall they be confounded for ever….” — Isaiah 45:16-17


Summary: The Father and the Son are inseparable, indivisible.  Neither man nor angels see the Father as the Son and Spirit see Him within their shared essence.  No one declares the Father as the Son declares Him against every idolatry.


Preview: 1.  The glory of the Father and the Son are one and the same: indivisible.  One cannot be glorified without glorifying the other.  2.  The mind captures in a moment that in nature, which may take many words to describe; yet, the description of God is infinitely greater; in our weakness, we have no exact knowledge of God.[i]  So, all together, let us sing His praises unworthily.  3.  Abraham was earth and ashes before God; so that, all earth and the great vaults of the heavens are not able to praise God worthily; when will we grasshoppers, who are earth and ashes praise Him worthily?  4.  If any would attempt to speak of God, describe first earth, count the stars, number the rain drops, gaze upon the sun before describing or scanning the invisible God.[ii]  5.  “If the Divine substance [essence] is incomprehensible [not-comprehensible], why” discuss it?  Because I must glory in God, without understanding, even more greatly that I glory in the sun, the abundance of earth, every breath: “for the Lord Jesus encourages my weakness … No man has seen God at any time.”  6.  Yet, Angels and Archangels see God as much as they are able; “the Son [and] Holy Ghost alone can rightly behold Him”: Since the Son and the Holy Ghost [are] partaker[s] “of the Father’s Godhead.[iii]  “Since Angels” are even ignorant; let us not be ashamed to confess our ignorance.  I who cannot describe my own soul, how can I “describe its Giver?”  7.  Devotion suffices to know we have a God, One, Living, without father, mightier, or successor: powerful, good, and just; not diverse; loving and wise; not in parts; as if all eye, ear, and mind: for “it is wholly impossible to imagine His likeness” or His substance.  8.  All such imaginations have failed: God is neither fire nor a chicken; He has not seven eyes.  He is perfect: in sight, power, greatness, foreknowledge, goodness, justice, in loving-kindness.  He is not circumscribed (bounded) by space or any other thing.  “Heaven is His throne, but higher is He that sits thereon: and earth is His footstool Isaiah 66:1, but His power reaches unto things under the earth.”  9.  He is One, omnipresent (ubiquitous), all seeing, all understanding, all creating through Christ; “an [unsurpassable] power condescending to our infirmities.”[iv]  He is “incomprehensible”.  If His judgments and His ways are incomprehensible, can He Himself be comprehended?  10.  If my whole essence were a tongue, “I could not speak His excellence”; all angels combined cannot speak His worth.  Yet, wood and base animals are worshipped as God; wine was the gift of God: but, Dionysus was worshipped; grain was made by God: but, Demeter was worshipped; stones, God’s creation, are struck to make fire: but Hephaestus….  11.  Where did Greek polytheism originate; since “God has no body”?  Who alleges the unashamed adulteries among the gods?  How did Zeus become a swan, or a bull?  Or die, or fall?  “Was it without reason then that the Son of God came down from heaven? Or was it that He might heal so great a wound?”  “The Father was despised, the Son … correct[s] the error: … for what could be worse than this disease, that a stone should be worshipped instead of God?”


[i] Thus, we see that apophatic theology did not originate in the fourteenth century.  Almost all of our descriptive words for God begin with a prefixed not: not-finite = infinite, not-time-able = eternal, not-changing, not-divided, not-measurable, not-visible….

[ii] Here, St. Cyril cites Sirach 3:21-22 as his Scriptural authority; which directly contradicts the seeming intended meaning of Lecture 4, paragraphs 33-37.

[iii] Godhood, nature, essence, or substance.  Substance is somewhat objectionable term, since it may imply a certain physicality; yet, perhaps we can think in terms of a spiritual substance.

[iv] St. Cyril has in this section, “whose very Name we dare not hear”; which seems to us like the Judaizing superstition about YHWH (a dubious idea in the mouth of St. Cyril): we have no idea what St. Cyril intended.